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Food spoilage is a common concern and can pose health risks if consumed. The main causes of food spoilage include mould and yeast, enzymes, and, most critically, bacteria. Recognising the signs of food spoilage can help you ensure the food you eat is safe.
One of the earliest indicators of food spoilage is discolouration. Fresh meat, for example, should be a bright red colour. If it begins to turn brown or grey, it may no longer be safe to consume. Similarly, fruits and vegetables that have lost their vibrant hues are likely past their prime.
When food develops a slimy or sticky texture, it’s a clear sign of spoilage, especially in items like deli meats and certain produce. If you notice this texture change, it’s best to discard the item immediately.
Mould is an unmistakable sign of food spoilage, appearing as fuzzy spots in various colours, such as green, white, or black. Mould can produce toxins harmful to your health, so it’s wise to discard any mouldy food.
Texture changes are another clear sign of spoilage. Fresh fruits and vegetables should feel firm and crisp. When they become mushy or soft, it’s time to dispose of them. Bread that has become hard or excessively dry should also be discarded.
Spoiled food often tastes unpleasant. A sour, bitter, or otherwise odd taste in food that should otherwise be fresh indicates spoilage. Trust your taste buds and discard anything that doesn’t taste right.
Signs of pests, such as rodent droppings or insect parts, are a major warning sign. Pests can introduce harmful bacteria, contaminating food. Regularly check packaging and storage areas for signs of pest activity.
Rancidity is a specific type of spoilage affecting fats and oils. If cooking oil, nuts, or seeds emit a smell like paint or chemicals, they are likely rancid. This is due to the oxidation of fats and renders these foods unsafe to consume.
Swollen or ‘blown’ cans or packages are signs of bacterial activity that produces gas. This can indicate contamination and should never be consumed.
The formation of gas is another indicator of spoilage, visible as bubbles or a bulging package. This suggests bacterial activity, making the food unsafe for consumption.
By recognising the following signs, you can better identify spoiled food and protect yourself from potential health risks:
Always trust your senses—when in doubt, throw it out. Following these guidelines will help you keep your food safe and protect against foodborne illnesses.
