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Under-nutrition is commonly associated with undeveloped countries but can also occur in developed countries due to an imbalanced diet. It typically involves deficiencies in calories or protein, stemming from inadequate food intake or poorly balanced nutrients.
The World Health Organization estimates that one in every three people suffers from deficiencies in essential nutrients.
Under-nutrition is most prevalent in low-income, developing regions such as sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, where access to a diverse and balanced diet is limited.
In this section, we'll explore common disorders associated with under-nutrition.
Anaemia is caused by insufficient iron in the body, essential for transporting oxygen. Without enough iron, red blood cells cannot function properly, leading to fatigue and weakness.
Scurvy results from a lack of vitamin C, causing breakdown of blood vessels and easy bruising. It particularly affects individuals with poor dietary variety, such as the elderly.
Beriberi is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B, often seen in individuals with alcoholism who consume inadequate nutrition beyond alcohol itself.
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss due to restrictive eating habits, often accompanied by psychological factors. Treatment typically involves both psychological and physiological approaches.
Diverticular disease is linked to inadequate fluid and fibre intake. It causes muscle spasms in the colon, leading to abdominal pain and bowel function disturbances.
Even with treatment, under-nutrition can have lasting effects, particularly in children. Intellectual impairments and digestive issues may persist into adulthood.
With proper treatment, most adults can recover fully from under-nutrition.
